ALTERNATIVE MINIMUM TAX

- WHAT IS IT -

- HOW TO REDUCE IT-

AMT CALCULATION

AMT REDUCTION

The best way to minimize the affects of the AMT is to estimate your AMT exposure now. That way, if you face the risk of the AMT, you can take steps to avoid it, reduce its impact, or even take advantage of it. An AMT surprise during tax time is a surprise none of us need to experience.

But first, a little background.....

The best way to understand the AMT is to view it as a separate tax system. It has its own set of rates and its own rules for deductions, which usually are less generous than the regular rules. Because of these confusing rules, the only ways you can tell if you owe the tax are by filling out the forms (essentially doing your taxes a second time) or by being audited by the Internal Revenue Service. If it turns out you should have paid the AMT but didn't, you will owe the back taxes plus any interest or penalty that the IRS decides to dole out.

You should definitely run the numbers if your gross income is above $75,000 and you have write-offs for personal exemptions, taxes and home-equity loan interest. Ditto if you exercised incentive stock options during the year, or if you own a business, rental properties, partnership interests or S corporation stock. If you earn more than $100,000, run the numbers for that reason alone.

That means filling out Form 6251. In effect, you are simply adding back some tax deductions and income exclusions to your regular taxable income to arrive at your alternative minimum taxable income. Here is where the middle class gets soaked. First you have to add back your personal- and dependent-exemption deductions ($2,900 each in 2001, $2,800 each in 2000), then your standard deduction if you don't itemize ($7,600 for joint filers in 2001 and $7,350 for joint filers in 2000; $4,550 for singles in 2001 and $4,400 for singles in 2000). You also lose your state, local, foreign-income and property-tax write-offs, as well as your home-equity loan interest, if the loan proceeds are not used for home improvements.

The AMT also ignores some itemized deductions, such as investment expenses and employee business expenses, and some medical and dental expenses. It also counts as income the interest from private-activity bonds, a type of tax-exempt bond issued by governments, usually to finance sports stadiums and the like. Finally, AMT rules force you to pay taxes on the "spread" between the market price and the exercise price of incentive stock options granted by your employer. For example, if you exercised an option to buy 100 shares of stock for $3 a share and the stock was trading at $10, the spread would be $7 a share, or $700. Under the regular rules, you wouldn't pay current taxes on that amount, but under the AMT, it's considered income.

Don't give up hope. You do get a few small breaks under AMT rules that you wouldn't see under the regular tax rules. For example, while you can't deduct state, local and foreign taxes under AMT rules, you can deduct the refunds, which would be considered income under the regular tax rules. And because you're taxed on the spread on your incentive stock options, your tax basis for the shares you bought is higher under the AMT, meaning your tax bill will be lower when you sell the shares.

The AMT form has quite a few other pluses and minuses, but you can probably ignore them unless you own a business, rental properties or interests in partnerships or S corporations. If you do, you may need a tax pro to prepare at least the Form 6251 part of your return.

Finally, you get to deduct the AMT exemption — $45,000 for joint filers, $33,750 for singles and $22,500 for married couples filing separately. However, this exemption is reduced by 25 cents for each dollar of AMT taxable income above $150,000 for couples ($112,500 for singles), and it's not adjusted for inflation, which is one reason why more people owe the AMT every year.

After the exemption (if any) has been deducted, the result is subject to AMT rates — 26% on the first $175,000 ($87,500 for married couples filing separately) and 28% on the excess. Again, the AMT brackets are not adjusted for inflation, which causes much greater exposure to the tax as the years go by. If the AMT exceeds your regular tax, you have to pay the greater amount. Technically, the AMT is just the liability over and above the regular tax, and this figure is entered on line 41 on page 2 of Form 1040.

Sorry, you're not finished yet. People get pushed into the AMT zone for different reasons, and some are actually better than others. That's because you could be eligible for the so-called minimum tax credit, which allows you to claim a credit on your tax return in future years for some of the extra taxes you paid under AMT rules. So you have to fill out another document, Form 8801, to determine if you are eligible. For whatever reason, the tax rules say that exercising incentive stock options is one of the few things that qualifies you for the credit, so if that's the reason you ended up paying the AMT, pay special attention to this form.

Now, what to do about it.

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